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1.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1441609

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las inmunodeficiencias primarias son enfermedades de origen genético causadas por alteraciones cuantitativas o funcionales del sistema inmune. La incidencia de las neutropenias es de 3,4 casos por millón de personas por año Son enfermedadess heterogéneas en cuanto a la etiología, la fisiopatología, la clínica y la respuesta al tratamiento. Muchos casos presentan manifestaciones graves y mal pronóstico aún con diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos. Objetivo: Presentar a la comunidad científico-médica un caso de neutropenia congénita con evolución desfavorable. Presentación de caso: Lactante femenina de siete meses con antecedentes de múltiples ingresos por infecciones respiratorias altas y bajas complicadas, asociadas a cuadros diarreicos, infecciones de piel y partes blandas (abscesos en región glútea y pabellones auriculares). Valorada por las especialidades de Inmunología y Hematología, las que diagnosticaron una neutropenia congénita (infecciones por Estafilococo aureus, Pseudomona sp y Cándida albicans). Recuento absoluto de neutrófilos en varias ocasiones con valores en 108 mm3; ausencia de elementos del gránulo en sistema granulopoyético en medulograma y estudios inmunológicos (ausencia de área tímica e IgA en 0,14 g/L). Se inició tratamiento con antimicrobianos de amplio espectro, inmunomoduladores (Hebertrans, Leukocin, Prednisona) y concentrado de granulocitos de donación paterna con escasa respuesta al tratamiento. Evolucionó desfavorablemente y falleció por shock séptico. El informe de necropsia confirmó el diagnóstico. Conclusiones: La neutropenia congénita se sospecha en pacientes con antecedentes de infecciones recurrentes con evolución tórpida y valores disminuidos de neutrófilos, es de gran importancia establecer un diagnóstico de certeza y conducta terapéutica temprana que favorezcan la disminución de la morbilidad y mortalidad(AU)


Introduction: Primary immunodeficiencies are diseases of genetic origin caused by quantitative and/or functional alterations of the immune system. The incidence of neutropenia is 3.4 cases per million people per year; it is a heterogeneous entity in terms of etiology, pathophysiology, clinic and response to treatment. It presents with severe manifestations and poor prognosis even with timely diagnosis and treatment. Objective: To present to scientific and medical community a case of Congenital Neutropenia with unfavorable evolution. Case presentation: Seven-month-old female infant with a history of multiple admissions for complicated upper and lower respiratory tract infections, associated with diarrhea and skin and soft tissue infections (abscesses in the gluteal region and ear pinnae). He was evaluated by Immunology and Hematology and Congenital Neutropenia was diagnosed (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas sp and Candida albicans infections), absolute neutrophil count on several occasions with values in 108 mm3, absence of granule elements in granulopoietic system in medullogram and studies immunological (absence of thymic area and IgA at 0.14 g/L). Treatment was started with broad-spectrum antimicrobials, immunomodulators (Hebertrans, Leukocin, Prednisone) and paternally donated granulocyte concentrate with little response to treatment. He evolved unfavorably and died of septic shock. The autopsy report confirmed the diagnosis. Conclusions: Congenital Neutropenia is suspected in patients with a history of recurrent infections with torpid evolution and neuthopenia, it is of great importance to establish an accurate diagnosis and early therapeutic behavior that favor the reduction of morbidity and mortality(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans
2.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 120(5): e213-e217, oct. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1395755

ABSTRACT

La neutropenia congénita grave (NCG) es una entidad heterogénea cuya característica común es un recuento absoluto de neutrófilos inferior a 0,5 x 10 9/l. Presenta gran heterogeneidad genética, las mutaciones más frecuentes son las del gen de la elastasa 2 (ELA 2). El tratamiento de primera elección es la administración de factor estimulador de colonias de granulocitos. Los pacientes con NCG presentan infecciones graves en etapas tempranas de la vida. Se presenta una paciente con NCG asociada a fenotipo peculiar con facies triangular, retromicrognatia, patrón venoso prominente en miembros inferiores, comunicación interauricular y mal progreso ponderal, en quien se diagnosticó déficit de la enzima glucosa 6 fosfato deshidrogenasa, subunidad catalítica 3 (G6PC3). A pesar de lo infrecuente de esta mutación como causa de NCG (2 %), su conocimiento cobra importancia porque la coexistencia del fenotipo característico con una NCG orienta en la solicitud del estudio genético que permite arribar al diagnóstico.


Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a heterogeneous disease whose more common feature is an absolute neutrophil count less than 0.5 x 10 9/l. It presents great genetic heterogeneity. Autosomal dominant inherited mutations of the elastase 2 gene (ELA2) represent the most common etiology. The first choice treatment is the administration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor. Patients with SCN develop severe infections early in life. We present a patient who associated SCN to a peculiar phenotype, characterized by triangular facies, retromicrognathia, prominent venous pattern in the lower limbs, atrial septal defect and poor weight progress, in whom a deficiency of the enzyme glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase, a catalytic subunit 3 (G6PC3), was diagnosed. Despite the infrequency of this mutation as the origin of SCN (2%), its knowledge becomes important because the coexistence of the characteristic phenotype and SCN guides the request for the genetic study that allows reaching the diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics , Neutropenia/congenital , Neutropenia/diagnosis , Neutropenia/genetics , Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics , Congenital Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes/diagnosis , Mutation
3.
Braz. j. allergy immunol ; 1(1): 23-38, jan.-fev. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-708121

ABSTRACT

Buscamos aqui revisar os mecanismos imunopatológicos relacionados à neutropenia congênita.O termo neutropenia congênita é utilizado para designar uma série de distúrbios neutropênicos,de caráter permanente, intermitente, grave (< 500 neutrófilos/mm3 de sangue), ou moderado(entre 500-1.500 neutrófilos/mm3 de sangue), que podem acometer pele e mucosa do tratorespiratório e gastrintestinal. Quando a neutropenia é diagnosticada, ela deve ser distinguidadas formas adquiridas, incluindo a neutropenia pós-viral e a autoimune, da forma congênita,que pode ser uma enfermidade isolada ou fazer parte de uma doença genética. Cinquenta porcento das formas congênitas de neutropenia apresentam manifestação extra-hematopoiéticacom resposta imune adaptativa normal e infecções recorrentes no início da vida. O tratamentodestes pacientes tem por objetivo o controle e a prevenção de infecções através do uso profiláticode antibióticos, e outra forma de tratamento consiste na utilização de fator estimuladorde colônia de granulócitos recombinante humano (rHUG-CSF), que aumenta o número degranulócitos, diminui o número infecções e melhora de forma significativa a sobrevida e qualidadede vida. A revisão foi realizada por levantamento bibliográfico de banco de dados obtidosatravés de pesquisa direta, LILACS, MEDLINE e capítulos de livros. A revisão literária demonstraa importância dos neutrófilos pela defesa do hospedeiro contra micro-organismos, e defeitosgenéticos que envolvem estas células acarretam maior susceptibilidade a infecções microbianasem locais como pele e mucosa do trato respiratório e gastrintestinal. Estes defeitos genéticosdos neutrófilos envolvem o seu número, função, ou ambos. Como estes defeitos envolvendofagócitos são de caráter congênito e hereditário, as crianças são os pacientes predominantes. Osneutrófilos apresentam um papel importante na imunidade inata, prevenindo o surgimento deinfecções de repetição. O tratamento com rHUG-CSF aumenta o número de granulócitos, diminuio número de novas infecções e melhora de forma significativa a sobrevida e qualidade de vida.O transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas é indicado em casos refratários ao tratamentocom rHUG-CSF que apresentam infecções recorrentes graves e resistência ao tratamento semdetecção de mielodisplasia/leucemia.


Here we aim to review pathogenic mechanisms related to congenital neutropenia. The termcongenital neutropenia has been used to designate a series of neutropenic disorders that canbe permanent, intermittent, severe (< 500 neutrophils/mm3) or moderate (500-1500 neutrophils/mm3), which could affect the skin and mucosa of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Whenneutropenia is diagnosed, it is necessary to distinguish between the acquired form, includingpost-viral and autoimmune neutropenia, and the congenital form, a disease that can occur eitheralone or as part of a genetic disease. Fifty percent of the congenital forms of neutropenia haveextra-hematopoietic manifestations, with normal adaptive immune response and recurrent infections in early life. Treatment of these patients focuses primarily on controlling and preventing infections through the use of prophylactic antibiotics; another treatment approach is the use of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rHUG-CSF), which increases the number of granulocytes, reduces the number of infections, and significantly improves survival rates and quality of life in these patients. Papers were directly searched on the LILACS and MEDLINE database Book chapters were also reviewed. The literature reviewed underscores theimportance of neutrophils for host defense against microorganisms and the association betweengenetic defects involving these cells and an increased susceptibility to microbial infections inthe skin and mucosa of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Genetic defects may affectneutrophil number, function, or both. Because defects involving phagocytes have a congenitaland hereditary origin, children are the most common patients. Neutrophils have an importantrole in innate immunity, preventing the emergence of recurrent infections. Treatment withrHUG-CSF increases the number of granulocytes, decreases the number of new infections, andsignificantly improves survival rates and quality of life. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantationis indicated in patients refractory to rHUG-CSF treatment with severe and recurrent infectionsand resistance to treatment with no detection of myelodysplasia/leukemia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Child , Adolescent , Congenital Abnormalities , Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency , Granulocytes , Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases , Immunity, Innate , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes , Neutropenia , Neutrophils , Phagocytosis , Stem Cell Transplantation , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Methods , Patients
4.
Rev. paul. pediatr ; 29(4): 680-684, dez. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-611743

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO:Relatar um caso de neutropenia congênita grave e alertar os pediatras sobre tal diagnóstico em pacientes jovens, com infecções recorrentes. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Lactente jovem com 45 dias de vida, com história de febre alta, letargia, recusa alimentar e hemogramas repetidos com leucopenia importante à custa de polimorfonucleares. A hipótese diagnóstica foi confirmada pelo aspirado de medula óssea, que mostrou hipoplasia de série granulocítica e completa ausência de neutrófilos maduros. Foi introduzida antibioticoterapia de largo espectro e estimulador da formação de colônias de granulócitos. O paciente evoluiu para óbito em decorrência de complicações infecciosas após 21 dias de internação. COMENTÁRIOS: Trata-se de um lactente jovem, portador de uma rara desordem congênita que leva à intensa neutropenia, deixando-o vulnerável a infecções graves e potencialmente fatais. À internação, o paciente apresentava sinais e sintomas sugestivos de sepse, sendo introduzido antibioticoterapia de amplo espectro, necessária por se tratar de lactente jovem, neutropênico e febril. A hipótese diagnóstica se baseou na história clínica e nos leucogramas alterados, sendo posteriormente confirmada pelo aspirado de medula óssea. Foi introduzido o estimulador da formação de colônias de granulócitos, que geralmente é efetivo, porém, nesse caso, não houve sucesso e o paciente evoluiu para óbito devido à grave infecção.


OBJECTIVE:To report a case of severe congenital neutropenia and alert pediatricians about its diagnosis in young patients with recurrent infectious diseases. CASE DESCRIPTION: Young infant with 45 days of life, with a history of high fever, lethargy, poor feeding and repeated blood counts showing significant leucopenia due to a significant decrease of polymorphonuclear cells. The diagnosis was confirmed by bone marrow aspirate showing hypoplasia of the granulocytic series and complete absence of mature neutrophils. Treatment was started with broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, but the patient died due to infectious complications 21 days after hospital admission. COMMENTS: This is a young infant with a rare congenital disorder that leads to severe neutropenia and, therefore, susceptible to potentially fatal infections. In the hospital the infant showed signs and symptoms of sepsis. The diagnosis was based on the clinical history and the presence of repeated altered white cell counts and it was confirmed by bone marrow aspirate. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is generally effective, but, in this case, the patient died with a severe infection.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Leukocyte Elastase , Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor , Neutropenia/congenital
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